您是否曾经听过“并行迭代”一词,或者在Python中编码时尝试“在多个迭代中循环”?
本教程将显示一个python zip()
函数,该函数可帮助我们在多个迭代中执行并行迭代。
定义
zip()
函数需要迭代并在它们上进行迭代,从而从迭代中产生每个项目的元素。
items = ["Computer", "Keyboard", "CPU", "Mouse"]
units = [3, 2, 4, 6]
mapping = zip(items, units)
print(tuple(mapping))
输出
(('Computer', 3), ('Keyboard', 2), ('CPU', 4), ('Mouse', 6))
换句话说,它返回元素的迭代器,其中每个传递的迭代器中的第一个项目均配对,然后在每个传递的迭代器中第二个项目将配对在一起,然后一直持续到最短的迭代器。
。考虑
zip()
的另一种方法是将行变成列和列变成行。这类似于转移矩阵。Source
句法
Python zip()
函数的语法是:
zip(*iterables)
或zip(iterator1, iterator2, ...)
在python 3.10中,添加了 strict
参数
zip(*iterables, strict=False)
我们将在本教程中看到strict
的使用。
zip()
参数:
iterables
:它们可以是可以迭代的列表,元素,词典或对象。
例子
languages = ["Python", "JavaScript", "C", "C++"]
founded = [1991, 1995, 1972, 1985]
mapping = zip(languages, founded)
print(list(mapping))
print(type(list(mapping)))
输出
[('Python', 1991), ('JavaScript', 1995), ('C', 1972), ('C++', 1985)]
<class 'list'>
zip()函数的工作
zip()
函数如何创建元组的迭代器?
我们实际上可以说拉链意味着将两个单独的事物汇总到一个。
就像它一样, python zip()
功能可以通过取两个输入说 A1
和 A2
,,然后汇总该项目 A1
和 A2
的相同索引数
我们将通过下面的插图更好地理解
-
我们可以清楚地看到,在右侧 - 0th Index的元组分别包含
A1
和A2
的每个项目。 -
在
A1
和A2
的第1个索引上的项目也是如此。 -
一般而言,索引
i
的元组包含A1
和A2
中的indexi
的项目。
更形式地:zip()返回一个元素的迭代器,其中第i-th元组包含每个参数iTerables中的i-th element。 /p>
如果迭代的长度不同,会发生什么? ,如果迭代传递给
不同长度的迭代
zip()
函数的长度不同,则什么都不会发生。
示例
languages = ["Python", "JavaScript", "C", "C++"]
founded = [1991, 1995, 1972]
mapping = zip(languages, founded)
print(list(mapping))
输出
[('Python', 1991), ('JavaScript', 1995), ('C', 1972)]
在这里,C++
被排除在外,因为founded
变量仅包含三个参数。
如果Python在迭代量不同时会引发错误怎么办?
让我们以示例来理解
languages = ["Python", "JavaScript", "C", "C++"]
founded = [1991, 1995, 1972]
mapping = zip(languages, founded, strict=True)
print(list(mapping))
输出
Traceback (most recent call last):
....
ValueError: zip() argument 2 is shorter than argument 1
您是否注意到代码中还有其他参数strict=True
?
python版本3.10
中添加了strict
参数
如果迭代的长度不同,并且我们使用strict
参数,则代码将抛出ValueError
。它对于调试可能很有用。
将一个或没有的iStos()传递给Zip()
zip()
函数如果没有传递参数,将返回一个空的迭代器。
no_iterable = zip()
print(list(no_iterable))
输出
[]
如果我们仅通过一个觉得,那么 zip()
函数将返回一个元素的迭代器,每个迭代者只有一个元素。
languages = ["Python", "JavaScript", "C", "C++"]
mapping = zip(languages)
print(list(mapping))
输出
[('Python',), ('JavaScript',), ('C',), ('C++',)]
python zip()示例
示例:使用 enumerate() zip()
函数
characters = ["Iron Man", "Thor", "Spiderman"]
real_names = ["RDJ", "Chris Hemsworth", "Andrew Garfield"]
result = zip(characters, real_names)
for num, results in enumerate(result):
print(num, results)
输出
0 ('Iron Man', 'RDJ')
1 ('Thor', 'Chris Hemsworth')
2 ('Spiderman', 'Andrew Garfield')
示例:使用range()函数
name = ["Sachin", "Rishu", "Yashwant", "Abhishek"]
values = zip(range(4), name)
print(tuple(values))
输出
((0, 'Sachin'), (1, 'Rishu'), (2, 'Yashwant'), (3, 'Abhishek'))
示例:具有多个迭代
characters = ["Iron Man", "Thor", "Spiderman"]
real_names = ["RDJ", "Chris Hemsworth", "Andrew Garfield"]
reel_names = ["Tony Stark", "Thor", "Peter Parker"]
result = zip(characters, real_names, reel_names)
print(list(result))
输出
[('Iron Man', 'RDJ', 'Tony Stark'), ('Thor', 'Chris Hemsworth', 'Thor'), ('Spiderman', 'Andrew Garfield', 'Peter Parker')]
示例:输入到不同的数据类型
键入列表
characters = ["Iron Man", "Thor", "Spiderman"]
real_names = ["RDJ", "Chris Hemsworth", "Andrew Garfield"]
result = zip(characters, real_names)
print(f"List: {list(result)} and type is {type(list(result))}")
输出
List: [('Iron Man', 'RDJ'), ('Thor', 'Chris Hemsworth'), ('Spiderman', 'Andrew Garfield')] and type is <class 'list'>
键入字典
characters = ["Iron Man", "Thor", "Spiderman"]
real_names = ["RDJ", "Chris Hemsworth", "Andrew Garfield"]
result = zip(characters, real_names)
print(f"Dictionary: {dict(result)} and type is {type(dict(result))}")
输出
Dictionary: {'Iron Man': 'RDJ', 'Thor': 'Chris Hemsworth', 'Spiderman': 'Andrew Garfield'} and type is <class 'dict'>
打字到集合
characters = ["Iron Man", "Thor", "Spiderman"]
real_names = ["RDJ", "Chris Hemsworth", "Andrew Garfield"]
result = zip(characters, real_names)
print(f"Set: {set(result)} and type is {type(set(result))}")
输出
Set: {('Iron Man', 'RDJ'), ('Spiderman', 'Andrew Garfield'), ('Thor', 'Chris Hemsworth')} and type is <class 'set'>
打字到元组
characters = ["Iron Man", "Thor", "Spiderman"]
real_names = ["RDJ", "Chris Hemsworth", "Andrew Garfield"]
result = zip(characters, real_names)
print(f"Tuple: {tuple(result)} and type is {type(tuple(result))}")
输出
Tuple: (('Iron Man', 'RDJ'), ('Thor', 'Chris Hemsworth'), ('Spiderman', 'Andrew Garfield')) and type is <class 'tuple'>
解压缩值
我们实际上可以解压缩 。让我们看看如何做。
这可以在*
asterisk operator的帮助下完成。
让我们以示例来理解。
characters = ["Iron Man", "Thor", "Spiderman"]
real_names = ["RDJ", "Chris Hemsworth", "Andrew Garfield"]
reel_names = ["Tony Stark", "Thor", "Peter Parker"]
mapping = zip(characters, real_names, reel_names)
mapped = list(mapping)
print(f"Zipped result: {mapped}", end="")
print("\n")
# unzipping values
char, real, reel = zip(*mapped)
print("Unzipped result:")
print(f"The characters list is : {char}")
print(f"The real_names list is : {real}")
print(f"The reel_names list is : {reel}")
输出
Zipped result: [('Iron Man', 'RDJ', 'Tony Stark'), ('Thor', 'Chris Hemsworth', 'Thor'), ('Spiderman', 'Andrew Garfield', 'Peter Parker')]
Unzipped result:
The characters list is : ('Iron Man', 'Thor', 'Spiderman')
The real_names list is : ('RDJ', 'Chris Hemsworth', 'Andrew Garfield')
The reel_names list is : ('Tony Stark', 'Thor', 'Peter Parker')
请注意,我们如何使用*
解开可变mapped
的值并存储未拉链的值,我们声明了三个变量char
,real
和reel
结论
在本教程中,您已经学会了使用Python的zip()
功能执行并行迭代,希望您了解如何使用它。
您现在了解zip()
函数在幕后如何生成元组迭代器。
尝试上面写入的代码段以更好地理解代码。
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